Assessment and Assessment Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessment and Assessment Techniques - Essay Example Formative assessment is a contrast of summative assessment because summative assessment seeks to monitor outcomes of education for external accountability. Developmental stages are the stages that a child goes through from childhood to adulthood. According to the study made by Erickson, the interaction of a person’s body, cultural influences, and mind determines development. With this in mind, Erickson organized eight development stages which progress from birth until death. The eight stages of development include: Infancy (birth to eighteen months), early childhood (eighteen months to three years), play age (three to five years), school age (six to twelve years), adolescence (twelve to eighteen years), young adult (eighteen to thirty five years), middle adulthood (thirty five to sixty five years), and late adulthood (sixty five to death). During my teaching profession, I sought to understand the assessment of the ever changing developmental stages in children. In this respect I planned an activity that would enable me to assess the differing developmental stages of the children in my work setting. This paper explores the devised plan, and implements a formative assessment activity, that takes into account the needs and interests of the children within my work setting. It demonstrates a systematic process of planning, evaluation, implementation, and the rationale for the design. Rationale for planning and implementing an assessment activity. The rational for formative assessment is quite clear and vivid. To start with provision of feedback, formative assessment provides feedback to the teachers so that they can modify the experience, and learning activities that are subsequent. Feedback involves focusing on the content that is being learnt (Blight, S. 2000). This is the epicenter of formative assessment. It facilitates self assessment development, clarifies the essence of good performance, and it is used in the provision of quality information to learner s concerning their learning. Feedback also boosts self-esteem and positive beliefs, and motivates peer and teacher dialogue in learning. Apart from this, formative assessment is important tool to be used to remediate the deficiencies of children (Cowie, B. 1999). It increases the self efficacy of a child and reduces the effect brought about by extrinsic motivation by moving the focus from obtaining grades into the process of learning. This method of assessment also improves the students’ metacognitive recognition of how they can learn (Black, P. 2000). It enables a teacher to fine tune instructions so that the students can focus on learning progress. Being motivated by the rationale for formative assessment, one thinks of an appropriate activity that could be used to assess the developmental stages in children. From many choices of formative activities and, techniques, the appropriate activity that can be used to quench the need for an assessment is the use of the tray painti ng activity with the help of an age and stage questionnaire (ASQ) for analysis. Planning and implementation of this technique is made possible by the use of a lesson plan shown below. Assessment

Sacrificial Inequality Essay -- Adam and Eve, Women Studies, Gender Ro

â€Å"Had Adam tenderly reproved his wife, and endeavored to lead her to repentance instead of sharing in her guilt, I should be much more ready to accord to man that superiority which he claims; but as the facts stand disclosed by the sacred historian, it appears to me that to say the least, there was as much weakness exhibited by Adam as by Eve. They both fell from innocence, and consequently from happiness, but not from equality,† (Grimke, 1838). For as long as mankind has been able to function in society, there has always been a line dividing the roles of man and woman. Women have always been the lesser, especially in Western Civilization, and the expectations to be the â€Å"perfect housewife† have continued on into the 21st century. In â€Å"A Doll’s House,† a play set in 19th century Sweden by Henrik Ibsen, a woman named Nora had taken out a loan behind her husband’s back in order to take him to Italy to save his life. She not only had done this in secrecy, but also forged her father’s signature to receive the loan. If Torvald, her husband, were to find out, Nora would be in big trouble, especially since he thought she was like a little child. When Nora’s friend, Mrs. Linde, comes to visit, Torvald finds Nora’s big secret through a series of events and nearly disowns her to save his image. Mrs. Linde, a widow, had left her man, Krogstad—also the man who gave Nora the loan—for a richer man to provide for her family. Although these women had made reasonable sacrifices for their loved ones, their men didn’t understand and allowed society to decide how to react to their women. In â€Å"A Doll’s House,† Ibsen uses Nora and Mrs. Linde to illustrate that women are expected to make sacrifices to their happiness for their family that men wouldn’t m... ...ity for the ones they love because they believe that’ll help the relationship. If Nora had stood up to Torvald before, they may not have even been together anymore because Torvald would’ve realized it was really the â€Å"idea† of Nora that he was in love with and not actually her. This play caused great controversy because a woman had stepped out of what had become â€Å"her place† and been her own person. This was peculiar because it was orthodox for a woman to stay home doing housework and raising children. Although this isn’t how life is today anymore, it is still unusual to society for a man to be doing what was â€Å"a woman’s job.† This is the way it’s been for decades and centuries and the way it may stay for years to come. The only cure to the inequality between genders is to diminish the parallel between nature and nurture and break the stereotypes set up by humanity.

Different stakeholders who influence the purpose of two contrasting businesses

Describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose of two contrasting businessesA stakeholder is an individual or group with an interest in the success of a business in delivering intended results and sustaining the capability of the company’s products and services. Well basically stakeholders are groups of people with an interest/concern about the progress of a business.There are internal and external stakeholders in every business. An internal stakeholder is someone linked internally to the company that has personal interests which they might pursue. An example for this is that managers might seek organisational growth over profits, employees seek high wages and owners would seek for their shares to increase in value. External shareholders can be individuals or groups such as customers, suppliers or the public which is influenced by a business but are not a businesses internal part.Stakeholders are affected by certain decisions made by companies. This is whether i t is positively or negatively decisions. They can influence a company and decisions that they make.There are several types of stakeholders as seen below; Business: TescoTesco is a PLC and it is a global business, it is a supermarket which gives products and service. Tesco is the third largest retailer in world measured by revenues and second largest measured by profits. This is a British supermarket which started in 1919. Tesco is owned by shareholders and anyone could buy shares into the business, the share price is  £341.41p. Tesco is divided in to five different formats, differentiated by size and what sort of products sold. Tesco is divided into Tesco extra, Tesco metro, Tesco express, Tesco petrol station and Tesco superstore. Tesco has 6351 stores in total.Customers: Customers are also known as buyer, client or purchaser of a good, service or product. Customers usually buy products or services from Tesco.Customers want Tesco to produce high quality products. The customers ar e interested in buying products from Tesco because they have n interest in the companies’ products. The customers want value for money. They also want the quality prices to be competitive. If a customer is satisfied with Tesco product then they will recommend. Customers can influence Tesco by deciding to continue to purchase goods and services from Tesco. Customers can choose to take their custom elsewhere therefore this influences the profits that Tesco would make.Employees: The employees of Tesco seek security of employment, promotion opportunities and good rates of reward. They are also proud to be working for a global business like Tesco.Suppliers: The suppliers of Tesco want steady orders and prompt payment. They also want to feel valued by the company that are proud of. The suppliers will have an influence on the price because if they sell it as an expensive rate to Tesco then Tesco will also have to increase the value of their product.Owners: These are the shareholders of the business they have an interest in the profit Tesco makes. Tesco has shareholders due to its global business. Owners are often thought to be the most important stakeholders because they have set up the business and give a lot of time into the company to make it successful. Owners like to see their share of profit increasing, and the value of their business rising. The shareholders will want to see how Tesco is doing and the reputation of Tesco. An shareholder can make decisions.. The positive influence is that they could invest more into Tesco whilst the negative influence they could have is that they could take their money out of Tesco’s business and take it somewhere else.Local and National Communities: The actions of business can have a dramatic effect on communities. A community leader represents important interest groups.Governments: The government wants businesses to become successful, to create  jobs and to pay taxes. They want to see good businesses that take a full responsibility on looking after the welfare of society.Influence of stakeholders on businesses: A business needs to take account of the interests of all its stakeholder groupings. These interests are linked together.Organization: RSPCAThe Rspca stakeholders are internal stakeholders. It is a charity that takes care of unloved and unwanted pets. The people who founded Rspca are the people who started the charity up at the beginning. Then there are people who look after the charity and make the decisions about the business and these are called Board of Trustees.Donators: The people who donate to Rspca are major stakeholders as Rspca would not be able to be a successful charity without the donations as they are the key to the money that is raised. Donators are major stakeholders as they're also the largest investors to Rspca and influence it greatly. Without this support network the work would be limited and the animals would not be treated properly. The donators would not be c oncerned about how much they spend as they know that the money goes donated is going for a good cause.Animals; Rspca help the animals who are suffering from illnesses and diseases and those who can’t get their basic needs. Rspca provides them food, water and shelter and treat them with any illnesses they have.Customers; The customers are the people who give Rspca animals that they can not cope with anymore. The customers maybe fed up with their pet or the pet may have a disease which the owner can’t afford to treat them. This influences the customer as the pet will be in a better and safe place. The customer will not have to worry about the pet anymore as it will be in good care by Rspca. The customer could also ask Rspca for help on vet bills and rescues.Employees: Employees are stakeholders within Rspca as the business provides them with a livelihood. If the organisation is a non profit organisation then this provides a sense of generosity for those who work for free . They seek security of employment, promotion, opportunities and good rates of reward. They may also want to care for the animals that are in danger.Managers: The managers are the people who are in charge of Rspca. The job the manager does is to build relationships and deals with customer issues. Their job is to manage daily operations which are to meet the needs urgently to the animals that need care.The Trade Union: The Trade Union are the people who try to make good working conditions for the staff who are employed by Rspca.I have found out that Tesco and the Rspca have different stakeholders because of the way they are run and so the stakeholders always want what is best for either the customer or the company.

Women Should Not Be Allowed For Military Combat - 1507 Words

Many people believe that women should not be allowed to serve in military combat. This is ridiculous, as many women have achieved great military success throughout history. At first, women mainly served as nurses and sometimes as spies, as in the cases of Harriet Tubman and Mary Ludwig Hays. â€Å"Mary went to a nearby stream and repeatedly carried containers of water to the soldiers...she also carried wounded men to safety and took over firing her husband’s gun when he became wounded† (Worth 16). Tubman went to South Carolina in 1862 to provide nursing care for black soldiers and newly freed slaves. â€Å"Working with General David Hunter, Tubman also began spying and scouting missions behind Confederate lines. In June of 1863, she accompanied Colonel James Montgomery in an assault on several plantations along the Combahee River, rescuing more than 700 slaves† (Civil War Trust). Women have also served as soldiers, even before it was legal. In 1782, Deborah Sams on Gannet enlisted under the name of her deceased brother. She served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War for 17 months (Infoplease). There have also been women who have successfully led armies into combat. For example, the French luminary, Joan of Arc. â€Å"At the age of thirteen, Joan began hearing voices from God, commanding her to go to the assistance of the son of Charles VI, the king of France who had recently died.† (Worth 12). Joan had to lead an army to resist British intrusion on French territory. â€Å"JoanShow MoreRelatedMilitary Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat Positions1666 Words   |  7 Pagesphysically immovable and a natural born killer.nbsp; Do women fit any of these descriptions?nbsp; Should a woman be permitted to enter into combat situations?nbsp; Some argue that it is a womans right to be fighting along side other men.nbsp; Others agree that by not letting women in ground troops her rights are being taken away. A woman can be an ything that she wants but when she tries to prove that she is just as good as a man in combat she could be putting herself in very dangerous situationsRead MoreEssay Military Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat Positions1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfeelings in the United States that, as women are having more rights given to them that were previously restricted, women should be given everything that is offered to men. This is becoming very true in the military, where much sentiment is that women should be given the opportunity to serve in combat arms positions. Women are currently allowed to serve in combat support positions, such as military intelligence and air support positions, but they are not allowed to serve in positions such as infantryRead MoreEssay on Military Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat Positions1724 Words   |  7 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In late 1990 and early 1991, thousands of American women marched off to the desert sands of the Middle East to serve in a war that brought women closer to combat than ever before. Although restricting women from occupying military jobs that would put them into direct contact with the enemy can be interpreted as a form of sex discrimination, as a female veteran of Operation Desert Storm, I believe that the restriction should remain as it is. 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In January 2016 they had to decide whether women should or should not be in combat. Women have performed in combat some have even died in defense of our county. The woman served regardless the problem. It was recommended by the marine corps to open up positions to women regardlessRead MoreWomen As A Person s Gender1408 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mau Ms. Strohlin U.S. History 10 May 2015 Women Serving In Combat The simple factor of a person’s gender, in some cases, restricts a person from having the chance to get the same opportunities as another gender. In The United States of America, the problem of women not even having the chance to receive the same opportunities as men, has become a growing problem. The Declaration of Independence, one of the documents that The United States of America was founded upon, says the words, â€Å"†¦AllRead MoreWhy Women Should Fight The Front Line1321 Words   |  6 PagesI Believe Women Should Be On The Front Line I believe women should fight side by side with men. I believe women are equal to men, there s only a physical difference but we are all the same. Women can do everything a man can. If women fight in the front line i think there would be less casualties than there right now. Although women should be fighting in front line in the military many believe they should not. More than 200,000 position will still be remain exclusive to men. women won t beRead MoreWhy Women Should Be Allowed to Participate in Combat1236 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Women Should be Allowed to Participate in Combat When warring tribes fought over food or men during our first beginnings, those women were undoubtedly in combat†¦women warriors [later in history] were not considered so unusual†¦Joan of Arc and Bodecia fought as warriors. Women fought in the Civil War alongside their buddies, only to be found out once they were slain in battle (Culture Society) Introduction After years of discussion and debate it appears that soon women will be sent into combatRead MoreNearly One-Fifth Of The U.S Military Is Female, However1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S military is female, however certain jobs are not eligible for women. Is it believed that women are not considered for front-line combat and Special Forces positions. Opponents argue that women are physically not capable of being effective for troops and would distract men making the military less effective. However women are fully capable of becoming troops the only thing holding them back is the stereotype that they are not physically capable of handing combat roles. Women in the militaryRead MorePros And Cons Of Women In The Military885 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in the Military Women being in the military has become more prevalent in the last few decades, but are they helping or hurting the military by doing so? Women being allowed in the military dates all the way back to World War I where women would serve as nurses to aid wounded soldiers (Wood). Now, women are allowed to serve in different roles, combat being one of them. There is controversy whether the military is a place for women, but research shows pros and cons to both sides. Even